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In a ring topology, each end host has a transceiver that breaks the circuit of the ring. Unlike a bus topology where each end host passively listens to the bus, each end host actively participates in the ring regardless of a frame’s destination. If an end host receives a frame with header addressed to itself, the end host will copy the frame from the ring; otherwise, the end host will forward the frame towards the next end host on the ring. In a ring topology, frames typically flow in a single predetermined direction.
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