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The syntax of a network protocol is the structure used in communicating information, such as the formatting of data and control information. Consider the transport control protocol or a.k.a. TCP as an example:

<tcp header image>Image Added

 

Lexicon

The lexicon of a network protocol is the collection of valid entries within the structure of the syntax. The lexicon is in other words, the vocabulary of the protocol. Continuing our TCP example, the TCP lexicon dictates that of the possible TCP flags, xor(RST, SYN, FIN) should be in a TCP header.

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